Due to the towns location, it enjoys higher solar irradiation throughout the year than other parts of the country (see Figure 1). Sokoto is a large city in the Northern part of Nigeria located at Longitude 13.1246Â° N and Latitude 5.1994Â° E. It is renewable because the sun can never stop shinning. One form of renewable energy which uses solar irradiation to produce electricity is solar energy. This rural to urban migration problem can be solved by emphasizing the electricity challenges within their communities. This contributes to factors that make the rural areas remain undeveloped. The problems mentioned above causes the migration of the rural dwellers to the urban areas. Also, the people living in rural areas have been negatively affected because of inaccessible electricity in their area.

In some developing countries, the electricity generation capacity is unable to meet the growing demand of the ever-increasing population. In most developing countries, electricity is not reliable due to the increasing demand for the available supply.

Keywords off-grid photovoltaic system standard testing condition (STC) solar irradiation. This paper presents the needed components and guidelines for designing the least-cost and efficient off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system for a low-energy consumption level residential household in Sokoto state, Nigeria, which has average radiation of 4 7 kWh/m2/day. Supplying electricity to remote areas is easier when considering solar energy. Solar energy in Nigeria is regarded as one of the most abundant renewable energy resources available due to the country's climatic condition and location. Solar energy is considered the best option for providing electricity for these households in rural areas. School of Electrical Engineering Xian Jiaotong University Xian, ChinaĪbstractMost of the households in the Nigerian rural communities are not closely located to the grid, and it is capital intensive to connect them to the grid. Design of an off-Grid Residential Photovoltaic Systemĭepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Auckland University of Technology

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